Da Vinci A Genius And The Definition Of A Renaissance Man

Da Vinci has been called a genius and the definition of a Renaissance man. â€Å"Renaissance man† as â€Å"A man who has broad intellectual interests and is accomplished in areas of both the arts and the sciences.† This is a term still used today, and its derivation is obvious. Many people in the Fourteenth to Sixteenth Centuries were skillful artists and scientists, but Leonardo da Vinci was the quintessential Renaissance man†. His talents without a doubt extended far beyond his artistic works. Like many leaders of the Renaissance humanism, he did not just see art he saw science, architecture, technology Da Vinci saw the future. His observations and inventions were recorded in over thousands of notes and drawings, including designs for flying machines, plant studies, war machines, anatomy and architecture. His ideas were mostly theoretical in his work but laid out in grave detail, and his work was rarely experimental. Da Vinci was profound and yet a mystery but all his discoveries and research paved the way for modern innovations today. (MUNTZ) Humble Beginnings Leonardo da Vinci was born on April 15, 1452, in Vinci, Italy. Born out of wedlock, the love child of a respected notary and a young peasant woman, he was raised by his father, Ser Piero, and his stepmothers. Da Vinci received no formal education beyond basic reading, writing and math, but his father appreciated his artistic talent and apprenticed with the artist Verrocchio at the age of 14. For six years, he learned a wideShow MoreRelatedThe Quintessential Renaissance Man1083 Words   |  5 PagesThe Quintessential Renaissance Man Imagine Italy from the 14th to the 17th century. This time period is known as the Renaissance. In the time of the Renaissance there were many great minds, but one in particular stood out from the rest. This man was a writer, a mathematician, an inventor, and a world renowned artist. This man was Leonardo da Vinci. Leonardo da Vinci, by definition, is the quintessential Renaissance man. Leonardo da Vinci was â€Å"born on April 15, 1452, in Vinci, Italy† (â€Å"Leonardo†)Read MoreLeonardo Da Vinci And The Renaissance Period1455 Words   |  6 PagesLeonardo Da Vinci once said,† the painter who draws merely by practice and by eye, without any reason, is like a mirror which copies everything placed in front of it without being conscious of their existence.† Who would have thought that this rural boy would become one of the world’s greatest mind and artist? Leonardo Da Vinci was born on April 14, 1452 in the town of Vinci near Florence Italy. He lived during the fifteenth century, a period when the people of Europe were becoming interested inRead MoreEvolution Of Human Thought And Emotion2187 Words   |  9 Pagesimportantly the idealization of it (â€Å"ARISTOTLE’S†). Following this definition, to create art is to essentially convey into a more aesthetically pleasing form, that which can be observed in the natural worl d. People strive to create that which they do not already see or possess; even a simple painting of a bowl of fruit is meant to dramaticize elements such as its shadows and colors, make them bolder and more beautiful. Aristotle’s definition of art as a subconscious desire to imitate the world, copy aRead MoreThe Renaissance and Italys Decline1592 Words   |  7 PagesThe Renaissance and Italys Decline Definition: The period in European civilization immediately following the Middle Ages, conventionally held to have been characterized by a surge of interest in classical learning and values. Set in the city-states of Italy in the fourteenth, fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, the constant uncertainty, both economic and political, and extreme volatility of the historical situation provided the material for new intellectual, cultural, and social experimentsRead MoreEssay about Renaissance Figures2969 Words   |  12 PagesRenaissance Figures Cosimo de Medici, also known as Cosimo the Elder, lived from 1389--1464. He was the first Medici to rule Florence. He was exiled from Florence in 1433, but he returned in 1434 and doubled his wealth through banking. He ended Florences traditional alliance with Venice and supported the Sforza family in Milan. His historical significance was being a patron to such artists as Brunelleschi, Donatello, and Ghiberti, and as the founder of the Medici Library. ? Read MoreIntroduction : How ve He Do That?10829 Words   |  44 Pagesformula is followed in most, if not all, of the literary works around today. Of course it may be more obvious in certain works than in others but it’s still present and in use if spotted by an avid reader’s eye. Take for example one of my favorite renaissance novels: Don Quixote by the one and only Miguel de Cervantes. In this novel the structure of the QUEST is as follows: (a) a quester who we know is an elderly nobleman, Alonso Quixano, who we can assume is Cervantes in disguise and his trusty peasantRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 Pages the nature of the semiological enterprise as it confronts a new field. A Note on Terminology The special terminology of European semiotics and structural linguistics may be unfamiliar to many American readers. It is impossible to give full definitions of all the terms that occur in this book without discussing the theories behind them at considerable length. It is hoped, simply, that the following explanations will give the reader a basic orientation. To accomplish this, references are providedRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesnational icon as observed by Niki Lauda: The Italians love you when you win and hate you when you lose and whatever you do, win, lose or simply break wind everyone in Italy wants to know about it! Ferrari and its renaissance in the mid-1970s The period 1975–1977 saw a renaissance for the Ferrari team. Their previous F1 World Championship had been won in 1964, one of the few reminders of the glorious 1950s and early 1960s when the bright red cars of Ferrari dominated motor racing. Ferrari is the

Sentencing Free Essays

Thinking about the issue of punishment gives rise to a number of questions, the most fundamental of which is, why should offenders be punished? And what are the objectives for the punishment. Some of the objectives are deterrence, retribution, restitution, rehabilitation, and the reason for such punishment. Deterrence is most effective at stopping crime that is planned or premeditated. We will write a custom essay sample on Sentencing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sometimes the goal is to deter the individual from repeating the behavior; other times it is to deter others from engaging in a similar behavior. An â€Å"eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth† punishment applied with the belief that offenders should suffer similarly to their victims this is the retribution punishment. Restitution is applied with the belief that offenders should repay their victim’s loss in money or services. The offenders should pay back to the victim for crimes that he has made to change a person life. He has to see that he cannot get away with committing crimes. Rehabilitation is used more frequently with juveniles; it is applied with the hopes of helping the person resolve his disorder or disease that may contribute to crime. The punishment is their so that the person can choose more of a better life in which he decides to live, or he may choose a better path. The concept of punishment has been theorized by moral philosophers, social theorists, and criminologists, When a court imposes a punishment on an offender, it often tries to balance the sorts of reasons for punishment noted earlier, but sometimes certain purposes of punishment dominate other purposes The third perspective on punishment is offered by criminologists and policy makers, who focus on penalties for offenses and policy concerns relevant to the punishment of offenders. There are differences in the state and federal punishments laws of punishment such as with the federal laws the penalties and range from long or short prison sentences in federal prison to include fines. Federal laws are enforced by the United States Government Agencies and also passed by the United States Government Agencies. There are criminal laws involved, usually dealing with crimes against the government and laws that just provide fines. State laws are those that are passed and enforced by the state. They cannot contradict the Federal laws and apply only to the specific state. The state enforcement agencies also have a duty to insure that Federal laws are not being broken. Most criminal laws are state created and penalties include fines and short or long prison sentences. Probation is a sentence with certain conditions that must be followed. If any of the conditions, such as no drug use, are violated, your probation officer will notify the court or prosecutor. The size and cost of America’s prison system has skyrocketed during the last few decades, largely as a result of laws and policies that put more offenders behind bars and keep them there longer. Yet recidivism rates remain stubbornly high, and crime still is a major public concern. State policy makers across the nation are asking whether soaring prison budgets are the best path to public safety. The federal prison population has reached record levels, that a high proportion of prisoners are non-violent drug offenders, and that racial disparities in sentencing and the proportion of lower-level drug offenders are increasing. Sentencing disparities is sentencing offenders in which those committing the same crime receive different sentences. Sentencing disparities are usually based on race, gender, region, or socioeconomic status and there are some grapple with this problem that must be solve. Many of the studies concluded that race had a direct effect on the in-out decision (in other words, the decision concerning whether the offender should be punished in a penal institution or out in the community) and that this effect remained even after the inclusion of controls for prior record and crime seriousness. Benefits of sentence-reduction programs, such as good-time laws and early parole release, include promotion of discipline within prisons (because inmates are motivated to engage in good behavior in order to earn or avoid losing good time) and the reduction of prison overcrowding. It is said that most offenders are released from prison before serving their full sentences and that indeterminate sentences produce gross sentencing disparities because they allow judges too much discretion. How to cite Sentencing, Papers

Canterbury Essay Example For Students

Canterbury Essay TalesThe Millers Tale, as opposed to other tales that we have read so far, isfilled with double meanings that one must understand to catch the crudeness andvulgarity that make the tale what it is. The fact that The Monks Tale shouldhave followed The Knights Tale should tell you something about the Miller. The Miller ended up telling the second tale because he was drunk and demanded togo after the knight or he would leave the group (3132-33). The Reeve told theMiller to shut his mouth (3144). The Miller did not and proceeded along with histale. The Miller uses his tale to insult the Knight and the Reeve. Although hisstory is identical in plot to that of The Knights Tale, the use of vulgarityleads the pilgrims to interpret the tale more for entertainment value than forserious reasons. The Miller pokes fun at the Reeve by setting the story at acarpenters house in Oxford. This offends the Reeve because he is a carpenterby trade. In The Millers Tale the carpenter rents out rooms in his house. Oneof the lodgers is a scholar named Nicholas. Nicholas is an astrologer who canpredict when it will rain or be dry (3196). Though Nicholas was very rich inknowledge, he lacked money to pay his rent or a woman to call his love. For thatNicholas often had his friends pay his bills (3320). The carpenter , unlike thescholar, did have a woman. His wife was only eighteen years of age, which isless than half of his own age. The Miller uses animal and natural similes todescribe how this woman looks. For that her body is graceful as a weasels(3234), and her loins wrapped with an apron is as white (meaning pure) asmorning milk (3235). She is also supposedly better to look at than a pear tree(which in The Merchants Tale is a symbol of adultery). Despite being calledall of the above, the Miller foreshadows that she is not all that pure bycalling her by the flower name Piggesnye (3268), or pigs eye. A pig isan animal that has bad habits. This hints toward future problems. One day thatproblem finally shows its face. The carpenter had left the house, thus leavingNicholas and his wife alone together. Nicholas wants nothing more than to makelove to the carpenters wife. So he grabs her queynte (3267) or genitalsand says, Ywis, but if ich have my wille, for deerne love of thee, lemmen, Ispille (32 77-78). In other words, he must have her or die with spille,meaning to die. Spille also means to ejaculate. The wife agrees to sleepwith the scholarly Nicholas only if he can devise a plan that will give themtime alone. After the wifes run in with Nicholas, she encounters anotheradmirer named Absolon at church. Absolon, unlike Nicholas, tries to win thewifes heart by singing and sending her presents of pies and alcohol(3360-78). Despite Absolons efforts, Allison loves Nicholas. While Absolon was trying tocourt Allison, Nicholas was finalizing his plan. His plan was to go into hisroom on a Saturday night and not come out until the carpenter came for him,which he did on Monday by axing the door down. The carpenter awoke Nicholas andasked him what was the matter. Nicholas explained to the carpenter that he wasstudying astronomy for two days and that there was going to be a great rain thatwill make Noahs flood look like drizzle. In order for the carpenter and hiswife to escape the down pour, the carpenter must put three tubs on the roof andsit patiently until the rain comes. The carpenter is warned that he can not stayinside and sleep with his wife, for that there can be no sin (3587-3590). John(we learn the carpenters name through their conversing on line 3577) fallsfor Nicholass tale, thus giving him (Nicholas) and Allison time to be leftalone. When the day comes of the supposed flood, John takes to the roof waitingfor the rain. While waiting, he falls asleep. Inside the house, Nicholas andAllison are far away from sleeping. Here they can finally get it on so to speak. .ub2414da13f7acc9444e99864abd57169 , .ub2414da13f7acc9444e99864abd57169 .postImageUrl , .ub2414da13f7acc9444e99864abd57169 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub2414da13f7acc9444e99864abd57169 , .ub2414da13f7acc9444e99864abd57169:hover , .ub2414da13f7acc9444e99864abd57169:visited , .ub2414da13f7acc9444e99864abd57169:active { border:0!important; } .ub2414da13f7acc9444e99864abd57169 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub2414da13f7acc9444e99864abd57169 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub2414da13f7acc9444e99864abd57169:active , .ub2414da13f7acc9444e99864abd57169:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub2414da13f7acc9444e99864abd57169 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub2414da13f7acc9444e99864abd57169 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub2414da13f7acc9444e99864abd57169 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub2414da13f7acc9444e99864abd57169 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub2414da13f7acc9444e99864abd57169:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub2414da13f7acc9444e99864abd57169 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub2414da13f7acc9444e99864abd57169 .ub2414da13f7acc9444e99864abd57169-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub2414da13f7acc9444e99864abd57169:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Atomic Bomb Essay Absolon gets word that John has departed town, and takes this as an opportunityto bed Allison. So Absolon goes over and sings to Allison and begs for a kiss(3716), which she agrees to. Instead of sticking her face out of the window, sheputs out her butt (3734) for Absolon to kiss. With it being so dark out, Absolondoes so, then gets angered by what has happened to him. Due to being humiliated,Absolon no longer has an interest in Allison. He does, however, want revenge. SoAbsolon goes to the blacksmiths shop and gets a red-hot iron to poke intoAllisons butt when he goes back and asks for another kiss. Once he got thered-hot iron, Absolon returned to Allisons window. Here he once again begsfor a kiss and tells Allison that he has a gold ring for her (3794). This timeNicholas sticks his butt out of the window. Absolon, still upset about the lasttime, calls out to his maiden to speak (3805). In response, Nicholas farts onAbsolon. Absolon gets even, though, by branding Nicholass butt with thered-hot poker that makes Nicholas think he is going to die (3808-13). In hispain, Nicholas calls out, HELP! WATER! WATER! HELP! (3815). This cry forhelp awakens John the carpenter who thought the floods had come and cut loosethe support ropes. This caused him to fall to the ground where he broke his armand passed out (3829). The tale ends with John being the laughingstock of thetown. He is deemed crazy by the town folk (3848). Absolon is also ridiculed forkissing Allisons lower eye (3852). Nicholas got the worst of it. He waslooked down upon as well as being left with a burn mark on his butt. This taleby the Miller was directed toward the Reeve, who is a carpenter, by trade. Ifyou recall, the Reeve is the person who told the Miller to shut up. So there isbad blood between the two men. The double meanings and vulgarity in this tale iswhat makes it so good. Without the combination of the two, the story would leaveus hanging.

Musical Analysis free essay sample

Throughout time there have been thousands of composers and millions of pieces of music created by these artists. To list all of these great people would probably take a lifetime to do. So with great pains, I have narrowed my list down to Just five; John Phillip Souza, Johann Sebastian Bach, George Gershwin, Frederic Chopin and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Stars and Stripes Forever by J. P. Souza performed by the U. S. Marine band is a arching tune used by high school, college and military bands. The song has heavy percussion beats to help musicians keep In step with the music. The melody Is very strong so that the band can be heard from a distance. The tone and texture of the piece Is very Blvd and demand attention from the audience while being played. Even though this piece Is demanding and exact, I Like that It flows easily and makes me want to follow along with the band. We will write a custom essay sample on Musical Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Rhapsody in Blue by George Gershwin is a slow yet quick easy listening blues piece. It has complex syncopated rhythmic movement with very little dead areas.It is minor key driven giving the melody more emphasis. The texture has lots of dynamic highs and lows that keep the listener entertained. I like this piece of music because it is suspenseful, but gives away its own answers. I have listened to this piece many times as well as others of Gershwins. He is truly a remarkable composer. The Double Harpsichord Concerto in C Major by J. S. Bach performed by David Garrett Is a relatively smooth Baroque piece. In this arrangement, one of the ripcords Is replaced by a violin.To me, It Is Like listening to a conversation between good friends. They speak to each other so easily and compliment the other one. The tone between the harpsichord and the violin move like a knife through butter. I really like how mellow the rhythm is. I just want to kick back and close my eyes and let the world float away. Revolution Etude in C Minor by Frederic Chopin is a technical masterpiece of the Romantic Era. Both his melody and harmony in this piece is so elaborate that sometimes it is hard to follow along.The tone to me seems kind of dark or violent. It makes me feel like I am in the middle of a melodrama and this is the music for the moustache twirling bad guy. Even though I find it a pleasant piece, I do not find it calming. I feel rather tense and am anticipating the end of the piece, like the end will never come. Last but certainly not least Is the Marriage of Figaro, Clarinet Concerto Move. 1. By W. A. Mozart. This classical piece Is very lighthearted and bouncy. When listening, I can picture ballerinas all over the stage floating through the air.The harmony and of fact and leaves the listener knowing that the story is done. The violins set an upbeat tone that invites the listener to stay longer. I really am fond of this piece and love that when it is over, I am feeling good and I am ready to hear more. It really was very hard to decide who I would critique. I am extremely fond of all these composers and their music. There were so many that needed a voice, but maybe another time. One great pleasure in my life is that I get to hear them regularly as I work, study or play. Musical Analysis free essay sample It was performed by Alden Advertorial (2009). Chopin was a composer In the Romantic period. This is a sad piano piece. Chopin wrote primarily for the piano. The piece range was almost monotone in nature. The sound was in scale rising and lowering using the same melody throughout the piece. The tones were kept uniform repeating over and over again. I found this piece of music one dimensional. It was dark and depressing in nature. It is not music that I would seek out to relax and enjoy.Piece number two was composed by Johannes Brahms POP. 49 No. 4 Wellsville / Lullaby written In the romantic period. This piece was performed by Ads Slovakia Concertmaster (2007), I found this music comforting an familiar. Concertmaster performed this from the original composition on the violin. I played this music to my children and my grandchildren to relax them and put them to sleep, singing the lyrics, as my mother sang to me. We will write a custom essay sample on Musical Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The melody was arithmetic and soothing to my ears. Johannes Brahms repeated the same tones in the beginning, middle, ending. I was able to discern both the violin and harp in the music, mimicking each other. The lullaby has so many precious memories for me, I cannot help feeling Joy with this music. Moving on to the Classical Period I chose to listen to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Requiem, conducted by Karl Boom (2007). This piece had much more depth in texture and tonality. Mozart raised and lowered the power of the piece using both instrumental diversity and note volume to emphasize the piece. Listening to this piece brought me memories of going to the cathedral with my Grandmother. The inure mass was sung In Latin, so It was the music that led you to understanding the mass.The beginning of the piece was sad changing the tone to almost a jubilation or celebration of life. I enjoyed this piece immensely. My second classical selection is Ludwig Von Beethovens Piano Sonata No. 14 in C-Sharp Minor, performed by Ellison Believable (2010). This is a piano piece with complexity in the melody I find myself feeling melancholy. I cannot help but feel that there was deep sorrow In the person who wrote this music. It Is almost that the person was lost amidst his sorrow. The melody repeats Itself but Is different though out the performance. I almost wanted to find this person and hug them to remove such pain from their life. I was strangely mesmerism, unsure whether to enjoy the music or turn away from the pain. From the Baroque Period I selected one of my favorite pieces, Sebastian Bach Symphony No. 5 in C minor, Pop. 67 (2011). There is a complexity in Bachs compositions that I have not heard in the other composure. I felt energize and excited by this rendition. Bach uses Texture, tonality, melody, and complexity In this piece. The range of emotions changes from moment to moment. It Is whimsical at one moment, changing veracity in a moment notice.

Fickle French Adjectives - Adjectifs qui changent de sens

Fickle French Adjectives - Adjectifs qui changent de sens Most French adjectives must be placed after the noun they modify, except for the BAGS exceptions (learn more). There are also a number of French adjectives which have different meanings depending on where they are placed. Generally speaking, when the adjective precedes the noun, it has a figurative or subjective meaning, whereas the adjective which follows the noun has a literal or objective meaning.Here are the most common fickle French adjectives. Fickle French Adjectives ancienFigurative or subjective meaningmon ancienne à ©cole - my old (former) schoolun ancien chà ¢teau - an old chà ¢teau (now a hotel)Literal or objective meaningmon à ©cole ancienne - my old (aged) schoolun chà ¢teau ancien - an ancient chà ¢teau bonFigurative or subjective meaningune bonne rà ©putation - a good reputationLiteral or objective meaningun homme bon - a good (charitable) man braveFigurative or subjective meaningun brave homme - a good (decent) manLiteral or objective meaningun homme brave - a brave man certain Figurative or subjective meaningun certain regard - a certain (type of) lookun certain à ¢ge - old age (euphemism)Literal or objective meaningune victoire certaine - a certain (assured) victoryun à ¢ge certain - old age (rude)Word play: Certain à ¢ge et à ¢ge certain cherFigurative or subjective meaningun cher ami - a dear friendLiteral or objective meaningun pull cher - an expensive sweater chicFigurative or subjective meaningune chic fille - a nice, decent girlLiteral or objective meaningune fille chic - a classy girl curieuxFigurative or subjective meaningun curieux homme - a curious (strange) manLiteral or objective meaningun homme curieux - a curious (nosy) man dernierFigurative or subjective meaningla dernià ¨re semaine - the last week (of the year)Literal or objective meaningla semaine dernià ¨re - last week (the one before this one) diffà ©rentFigurative or subjective meaningdiffà ©rentes idà ©es - various ideasLiteral or objective meaningune idà ©e diffà ©rente - different idea diversFigurative or subjective meaningdivers à ©tudiants - various, several studentsLiteral or objective meaningdes à ©tudiants divers - varied, diverse students douxFigurative or subjective meaningune douce musique* - sweet musicun doux parfum* - sweet perfumeLiteral or objective meaningla moutarde douce - sweet mustard  Ã‚  Ã‚  la peau douce - soft skin drà ´leFigurative or subjective meaningun drà ´le didà ©e - strange ideaLiteral or objective meaningune histoire drà ´le - funny story faibleFigurative or subjective meaningune faible chance - weak, poor, slight chanceLiteral or objective meaningun homme faible - a weak man fameuxFigurative or subjective meaningun fameux problà ¨me - a heck of a problemLiteral or objective meaningun vin fameux - first-rate wine francFigurative or subjective meaningun franc imbà ©cile - total idiotLiteral or objective meaningune diffà ©rence franche - clear difference grandFigurative or subjective meaningun grand homme - a great manLiteral or objective meaningun homme grand - a tall man grosFigurative or subjective meaningun gros problà ¨me - big problemLiteral or objective meaningun homme gros - fat man honnà ªteFigurative or subjective meaningun honnà ªte homme** - a gentlemanLiteral or objective meaningun homme honnà ªte - an honest man jeuneFigurative or subjective meaningune jeune femme - a young womanLiteral or objective meaningune femme jeune - youthful woman *For this meaning, the adjective can precede or follow the noun **Somewhat archaic maigreFigurative or subjective meaningun maigre repas - skimpy, meager mealLiteral or objective meaningun garà §on maigre - skinny boy mà ©chantFigurative or subjective meaningun mà ©chant cigare - great big cigarLiteral or objective meaningun homme mà ©chant - mean (cruel) man mà ªmeFigurative or subjective meaningle mà ªme jour - the same dayLiteral or objective meaningle jour mà ªme - the very day modesteFigurative or subjective meaningun modeste repas - small, simple mealLiteral or objective meaningun homme modeste - modest, humble man nobleFigurative or subjective meaningnobles aspirations - noble, worthy aspirationsLiteral or objective meaningune femme noble - imposing, respected woman nouveauFigurative or subjective meaningun nouveau produit - a new, alternative productLiteral or objective meaningun produit nouveau - a new, original product pauvreFigurative or subjective meaningun pauvre homme - a poor (pitiful) manLiteral or objective meaningun homme pauvre - a poor (penniless) man platFigurative or subjective meaningune plate excuse - a humble excuseLiteral or objective meaningun pays plat - a flat country premierFigurative or subjective meaningle premier problà ¨me - first problemLiteral or objective meaningle problà ¨me premier - fundamental, basic problem prochainFigurative or subjective meaningla prochaine semaine - the following weekLiteral or objective meaningla semaine prochaine - next week propreFigurative or subjective meaningma propre chambre - my own bedroomLiteral or objective meaningune chambre propre - a clean bedroom pureFigurative or subjective meaningla pure imagination - pure, total imaginationLiteral or objective meaningleau pure - pure water rareFigurative or subjective meaningdune rare beautà © - exceptionally beautifulLiteral or objective meaningun oiseau rare - rare bird rudeFigurative or subjective meaningune rude tà ¢che - difficult taskLiteral or objective meaningune barbe rude - rough beard sacrà ©Figurative or subjective meaningun sacrà © menteur - a damn liarLiteral or objective meaningun objet sacrà © - a sacred object saleFigurative or subjective meaningune sale ville - a nasty townLiteral or objective meaningune ville sale - a dirty town seulFigurative or subjective meaningla seule fille - the one/single/only girlLiteral or objective meaningune fille seule - lonely girl, a girl who is alone simpleFigurative or subjective meaningun simple homme - a mere (plain, ordinary) manLiteral or objective meaningun homme simple - a modest, honest man tristeFigurative or subjective meaningun triste individu - a sad (mean, bad) personLiteral or objective meaningun individu triste - a sad (crying) person uniqueFigurative or subjective meaningun unique fils - an only sonLiteral or objective meaningun fils unique - only child (who is a boy) và ©ritableFigurative or subjective meaningun và ©ritable problà ¨me - serious problemLiteral or objective meaningun problà ¨me và ©ritable - genuine (not fake) problem vertFigurative or subjective meaningmes vertes annà ©es - my green (fruitful) yearsLiteral or objective meaninglà ©gumes verts - green vegetables vilainFigurative or subjective meaningvilains mots - bad wordsLiteral or objective meaningun garà §on vilain - ugly or naughty child vraiFigurative or subjective meaningun vrai ami - a real, true friendLiteral or objective meaningune histoire vraie - true story

The Most Current Changes in GCSE English Syllabus to Keep in Mind

The Most Current Changes in GCSE English Syllabus to Keep in Mind The Most Current Changes in GCSE English Syllabus to Keep in Mind Wondering what the fuss around GCSE 2015 changes is all about? Sit comfortably and prepare to read an article as we’re going to explain all the new features for you. Why do you need to take the trouble at all? Well, if you are a student planning to pass GCSE English, pay attention because these changes will have a great effect on both exam process and grading (in case you worry about your results). 1.   New Grading System The most notable change is transfer from A-C marks to 1-9 points with 1 being the lowest, and 9 – the highest. Moreover, the Department of Education limited the number of people who can get the best card to 20% of those who receive 7 and higher. So, if you counted on the top score, you’ll have to press harder. What does it mean for you? Nobody can predict the exact results, but the teachers are worried that the students will get worse grades because of the variation (for example, you could do fine and receive a C while, right now, your â€Å"fine† will be also graded as â€Å"worse fine† (4) or â€Å"better fine† (5). 2.   Only New Texts for Reading Comprehension The easy life has ended. Now during the examination you will get only texts that you haven’t seen before because the purpose of the test is to evaluate you reading comprehension skills, not a good memory of info your teacher told you about the excerpt you previously had analysed. 3.   More and Longer Exams Enjoyed a one-time, two-hour test? Prepare to miss it as according to the new implementations there will be 2 exams, two-hour long each. But the silver lining is that you will get more time on reading and writing tasks ☠º 4.   No Counting of Speaking and Listening Speaking and listening were counted before into the overall grade. But after the changes they will be assessed separately without having any impact on the final result. Generally, students do better at speaking and listening than at other tests, thus, improving the grade. But now, in GCSE near the main score, there will be just â€Å"Pass†, â€Å"Merit† or â€Å"Distinction† (evaluation markers for speaking and listening) that won’t be taken into account. 5.   Taking Exams Only Once There won’t be any controlled assessments or courseworks during the preparation course. There will be only one evaluation session at the end that will fully rely on the exam results. Yeah, it implies that you will have to go above and beyond to do your best because you have only one chance (in an epic case scenario, in real life you can just start all over again and take another exam). See? These are major changes that have been totally worth your 5 minutes to read this article. In case you’re asking yourself why all this is happening, we have a theory that the Department of Education wants to raise the standards in order to make students more competitive on the internal as well as international job market. But we’ll see what comes out of it. Good luck!

Essay on Artistic Appropriation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

On Artistic Appropriation - Essay Example I focused on the historical background of the origin of appropriation practice and the methods of doing it in a way that it formed collage work. My work has a premise that is similar to the work of other scholars, nonetheless, it is unique in the way I have approached it. In order to develop my argument and to strengthen it along the way, I took help from the various literature that were available on the electronic journals and periodicals. These researches provided a strong base to this research and developed the initial path for this research to reach its destination. The culture of artistic appropriation in the historical times was compared with the modern to shed light on the differences that have arisen in terms of law, perspective and practice. My strong focus was on the legal history of copyright law. I surveyed the treaties and agreements that govern copyright law, domestically and internationally to develop an international view point instead of remaining limited to one aspe ct only. Significantly, my research is based on the United Kingdom’s copyright laws along with the international treaties. The study of the UK laws provided time and space to develop a strong analysis of the modern copyright law application. In case, the scope of study was spread over various countries, it would have become impracticable as well as less effective. The data collection from other countries would be time consuming, costly as well as of low quality. Therefore, I focused on the practice of copyright laws in UK and their impact on the UK artists only. I relied on the recent and landmark judgements related to the artistic appropriation cases both involving artist Jeff Knoos. The cases dealt with the act of copyright infringement through artistic appropriation and the related judgements which affected such cases in the future. Furthermore, I discussed the concept of fair dealing and fair use as perceived and practiced in UK. The study is purely legal and provides an argument that the modern copyright law has provided the artists with the method to get protected and at the same time continue with the artistic work under the fair use or fair dealing clause. Thus, providing an effective method to investigate the argument that the modern copyright law has not provided protection to the artists when they appropriate other artist’s copyright work. The research method adopted acted as a means of examining a myth from the legal perspective and from the perspective of the artists. The primary units of analysis are the artists, creators, sculptors, painters and intellectual property stakeholders having interest in the appropriation of artistic works. These stakeholders are the primary effected persons who have undergone the adverse effects of appropriation. Furthermore, the global bodies like World Intellectual Property Organization was also taken into consideration to answer the research questions and to achieve its objectives. The process of dat a collection is based on various processes like Sampling Frame. It provides the researcher with the option to collect data for the research expeditiously whilst remaining within budget to achieve effective and efficient results. A proper sampling frame includes age, color and location of the units that are analyzed. The sampling frame for artistic appropriation research design has the sample of Artists, Painters, Sculptors and International Bodies and

Human Growth and Developement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human Growth and Developement - Essay Example From this paper, it is clear that big 5 personality traits are the five basic dimensions of any individual’s personality and are a broad classification of personality, whereby agreeableness refers to the ability to be trustworthy, kind and affectionate while neuroticism points emotional instability, anxiety, and moodiness. On the other hand, openness and conscientiousness refer to the ability to be insightful and thoughtful, respectively. For effective nursing, it is crucial to have an appropriate combination such as extraversion meaning excitability, sociability, and talkativeness, agreeableness, openness, and conscientiousness. These come in handy in nursing in terms of catering for the needs of their patients emotionally through social and high emotional expression.This paper highlights that  ageism is the term used to refer to discrimination against people based on their age, and stereotyping on the same. In the media, the issue of ageism has come up in recent times due to the practice of discriminating the aged, middle-aged, teenagers and children on various grounds related to their age.  This is where humorists and comedians avoid making jokes on racial, disability and sexist grounds, but feels okay to bare their bias and negative attitude to those they consider unworthy of their respect.  This is by attacking the target group with harsh comments. In nursing cases, ageism applies in employment and experience where some of the junior and senior members of the nursing profession deny one another respect.

STA Travel Case Study Essay Example for Free

STA Travel Case Study Essay History/Situation: STA Travel is a subsidiary of a privately held company, Diethelm Keller Holding LTD, marketing as the worlds largest student travel organization helping students travel in over 90 countries. Historically, STA utilized retail travel agencies located near or on college campuses; however the Internet has introduced new online competitors. The internet is predicted to account for more bookings than offline alternatives. In response to STA’s global customer base, STA delegated the responsibility to the local level while using an integrated information system to provide global support and solutions. STA’s philosophy is â€Å"local as possible, global as necessary†. STA launched a business strategy, One Company, to align business operations with customer needs across the world. In support of this global standardization emerged BLUEe, a unified sales and booking system supporting every STA point of purchase backed by a single network, infrastructure, finance and reporting system. STA’s North American division developed STATRAVEL193.COM, an interactive website with video reports from STA customers about travel destinations. They also were the first to explore the Second Life (SL) marketing tool. STA’s Global Webmaster, Craig Hepburn, also welcomed the SL idea however he knew it would be a tough sell to marketing departments in other countries. STA had a two prong approach to utilize SL. One was to hold a movie making competition among SL residents which would highlight their virtual worlds. STA could then use the best of the videos to provide the services to the SL world as they do in the real world. The second element evolved into creating a separate orientation landing where new comers would be provided basic orientation information and then STA would lead them to exciting places in SL providing another opportunity to provide the services currently provided in the real world. Matt Nixon, Director of E-Commerce, STA Travels North America Division, needed to decide if STA should investment in SL. What is second life? SL is a virtual marketing tool which would provide STA a marketing presence in a computer-simulated virtual world. From the SL website, players can download client software for the game. Players are given a virtual self, an avatar, and a â€Å"second life†. There is a process for new players to get setu p with their avatar, name, account info, avatar accessories, orientation, and avatar skills before choosing to transport to  the mainland to begin their second lives. Players can purchase a premier membership status which provides players an opportunity to setup a business and participate in an economy exchanging US$1MM daily. Opportunities: There was strong evidence of network effect in SL. By early 2007, there were over 3 million â€Å"residents† registered on SL, of which 700,000 had visited SL in the previous 60 days and 12,000-18,000 were typically on line at any given time. Also, real life (RL) businesses, brands and not-for-profit organizations began to explore their own second lives. STA has an opportunity to be one of the first to market in the virtual world travel category. In doing so, they can begin to form partnerships with other RL businesses. As more businesses residents join, STA can continue to grow their partnerships and advertising within SL. Problems: SL is new technology and history shows that technology has a short life cycle. There is risk that SL will not continue to grow long enough for STA to cash in on this signif icant investment. SL could also have a negative impact on STA’s brand image if potential customers begin to identify STA with a virtual business and not a real life business that can provide real world travel services. STA’s real world revenue will be a key metric in measuring the impact of SL. Although, STA’s SL approach simulates the services they offer in the real world; I think it will be difficult for residents to make the connection from STA’s virtual world services to the real world services. Also, college students’ schedules are packed full with studies, work and socializing therefore majority will not have time to maintain a virtual second life. Finally, the current retail travel agencies will likely resist the SL marketing tool because the success of SL represents lost commissions for the retail agencies. What type of individuals make up the Second Life community? What do you believe will be the evolution of Second Life and other Massive Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game (MMORPG) in the near future? The primary users in SL are gamers and tech savvy individuals who spend a lot of time in at the computer. Those that prefer virtual reality often don’t have a desire to travel the world for several reasons; they don’t like flying, leaving home, they can’t afford it, or their schedule doesn’t allow enough time. I don’t believe the current SL users will seek out STA’s real world services. I also don’t believe there is an opportunity for STA to gain share through SL because those who enjoy traveling in real  life prefer to experience it in person not virtually. These two demographics are independent; therefore the virtual players cannot provide a read on travel trends for the real life traveler. I also don’t expect SL to continue long enough for STA to make any gains in market share. How do you propose that STA Travel should go about establishing a presence in Second Life? How can the firm spawn the traffic needed for generating revenues? I struggle to find any basis for STA to move forward with establishing a presence in SL which will appeal to their target audience and generate revenues. I believe there is a missing link between the virtual reality and the real world services. I also think STAs target audience will remain a minority in the SL virtual reality user community. Evaluate the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) of this initiative. What would you propose to the executive team if you were Matt? Why? The SL actual costs not provided in this case, however the total cost of ownership must include the following: lease, setup, development, training of STA employees, maintenance, end of life, migration, integration with software programs, security, testing, data backup storage, insurance, marketing expense, global staffing to maintain site 24/7. I believe the cumulative cost of these categories will exceed the benefit because. How would you evaluate the value of Second Life to STA? At this time, I’d do not recommend moving forward on the basis that I do not find any value in SL. STAs target college audience is a minority in the SL user community. I evaluate the value of SL based on the projected increased revenue, profitability, market share and the risks or opportunities. The risks noted previously outweigh any potential advantage SL may provide. Class Material Online community- SL is a virtual reality community brought together by a common interest of wanting to escape reality. Pay for service- SL primary revenue model; they charge a membership to users who want to upgrade and participate in the SL economy which exchanges US$1MM daily. Disintermediation- Historically STA utilized retail travel agencies, however the Internet introduced new online competitors. Market efficiency- STA online competition provides lower costs researching trips. Rather than physically going to the retail travel agent, consumers can search for pricing and availability online. Two-way conversations- STA North America  has an interactive travel blog where customers can post videos of their travel experiences. Recommendation: I do not recommend SL because the risks exceed any gains that may exist. Also, there is not a link between the virtual and real world. I recommend that STA explore other online marketing opportunities.

Don Quixote :: essays research papers

In Don Quijote’s time, reading was the only entertainment in the home. Most people weren’t very well educated anyway so some couldn’t tell the difference between pretend and reality. That’s is probably why people who read the bible took it so literally. The clergymen were more educated and knew how to take advantage of the people. People were so afraid of what it had to say; they did whatever it said so they would be doing good. Don Quijote did the same thing as those religious people, he believe exactly what he read. Unfortunately for him, those books were outdated; there were no knights in armor anymore. He convinced a less educated man to come with him on his travels. His sidekick was not as educated but he had common sense. When Quijote went to attack windmills thinking they were giants wanting to fight. His sidekick knew better but Quijote refused to believe him when he heard they were windmills. In today’s world, no one really reads anymore but TV has affected many people’s minds and people usually believe what’s on TV. One example is fashion. All the latest trends are on TV and everyone is wearing them. Everyone wants to fit in and be beautiful and popular like on TV where everyone is always prefect. It seems so exciting to live like that and it probably is but no one actually lives in a perfect world. Watching too much TV can make you a buffoon. Unless a person watches nothing but education TV, it’ll start to rot your brain. It will also make you a buffoon because it’s expensive to keep up with the trends. Trends change in a matter of months so only a buffoon would go out and buy a whole new wardrobe every time. Don Quixote :: essays research papers In Don Quijote’s time, reading was the only entertainment in the home. Most people weren’t very well educated anyway so some couldn’t tell the difference between pretend and reality. That’s is probably why people who read the bible took it so literally. The clergymen were more educated and knew how to take advantage of the people. People were so afraid of what it had to say; they did whatever it said so they would be doing good. Don Quijote did the same thing as those religious people, he believe exactly what he read. Unfortunately for him, those books were outdated; there were no knights in armor anymore. He convinced a less educated man to come with him on his travels. His sidekick was not as educated but he had common sense. When Quijote went to attack windmills thinking they were giants wanting to fight. His sidekick knew better but Quijote refused to believe him when he heard they were windmills. In today’s world, no one really reads anymore but TV has affected many people’s minds and people usually believe what’s on TV. One example is fashion. All the latest trends are on TV and everyone is wearing them. Everyone wants to fit in and be beautiful and popular like on TV where everyone is always prefect. It seems so exciting to live like that and it probably is but no one actually lives in a perfect world. Watching too much TV can make you a buffoon. Unless a person watches nothing but education TV, it’ll start to rot your brain. It will also make you a buffoon because it’s expensive to keep up with the trends. Trends change in a matter of months so only a buffoon would go out and buy a whole new wardrobe every time.

John Stuart Mill and Utilitarianism Essay

Abstract The paper presents the life of John Stuart Mill through his biography. A glimpse on his exceptional life as a child was also included in his biography. Likewise, his major contributions as a philosopher and economist were also discussed. Since John Stuart Mill was a proponent of utilitarianism, the paper focuses its discussion on Mill and utilitarianism. The views of John Stuart Mill on utilitarianism and how it differs from Bentham’s views were given much attention in the paper. The history of utilitarianism was also presented to show how utilitarianism evolved. The confusions of many people, regarding who the real founder of utilitarianism, was clarified through the history of utilitarianism. Introduction John Stuart Mill (1806-1873), is a British philosopher-economist, who is the son of James Mill. He is one of the best 19th century thinkers. In economics, he was influenced by the theories of Adam Smith, David Ricardo and Thomas Robert Malthus, and his Principles of Political Economy is a little more than a restatement of their ideas. He had a great impact on 19th century British thought, not only in philosophy and economics but also in the areas of political science, logic, and ethics. He was a proponent of utilitarianism. He systematized the utilitarian doctrines of his father and Jeremy Bentham in such works as Utilitarianism (1863), basing knowledge upon human experience and emphasizing human reason. In political economy, Mill advocated those policies that he believed most consistent with individual liberty, and he emphasized that liberty could be threatened as much by social as by political tyranny. He is probably most famous for his essay â€Å"On Liberty† (1859). He studied pre-Marxian socialist doctrine, and, although he did not become a socialist, he worked actively for improvement of the conditions of the working people. Utilitarianism is a philosophy which has been around for centuries, and is still active and popular in the modern world. It is important not only in philosophy itself, but in disciplines such as economics, political science, and decision theory. To some people, Utilitarianism seems to be the only ethical philosophy which is obviously correct. To others, it seems to be quite misconceived, even reprehensible. Biography of John Stuart Mill. John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) was a British philosopher, economist, moral and political theorist, and administrator. He was the most influential English-speaking philosopher of the nineteenth century. His views are of continuing significance, and are generally recognized to be among the deepest and certainly the most effective defenses of empiricism and of a liberal political view of society and culture. The overall aim of his philosophy is to develop a positive view of the universe and the place of humans in it, one which contributes to the progress of human knowledge, individual freedom and human well-being. John Stuart Mill was born on May 20, 1806 in Pentonville, London. He was the eldest son of James Mill, a Scottish philosopher and historian who had come to London and become a leading figure in the group of philosophical radicals which aimed to further the utilitarian philosophy of Jeremy Bentham. His mother was Harriet Barrow, who seems to have had very little influence upon him. Mill was educated by his father, with the advice and assistance of Jeremy Bentham and Francis Place. He was given an extremely rigorous upbringing, and was deliberately shielded from association with children of his own age other than his siblings. His father, a follower of Bentham and an adherent of associationism, had as his explicit aim to create a genius intellect that would carry on the cause of utilitarianism and its implementation after he and Bentham were dead. John Stuart Mill as a child was exceptional. At the age of three he was taught the Greek alphabet and long lists of Greek words with their English equivalents. By the age of eight he had read Aesop’s Fables, Xenophon’s Anabasis, and the whole of Herodotus, and was acquainted with Lucian, Diogenes Laertius, Isocrates and six dialogues of Plato. He had also read a great deal of history in English and had been taught arithmetic. At fifteen, John Stuart Mill undertook the study of Bentham’s various fragments on the theory of legal evidence. These had an inspiring influence on him, fixing in him his life-long goal of reforming the world in the interest of human well-being. At the age of seventeen, he had completed advanced and thorough courses of study in Greek literature and philosophy, chemistry, botany, psychology, and law. In 1822 Mill began to work as a clerk for his father in the examiner’s office of the India House. In 1823, he co-founded the Westminster Review with Jeremy Bentham as a journal for philosophical radicals. This intensive study however had injurious effects on Mill’s mental health, and state of mind. At the age of twenty-one, he suffered a nervous breakdown. This was caused by the great physical and mental arduousness of his studies which had suppressed any feelings or spirituality he might have developed normally in childhood. Nevertheless, this depression eventually began to dissipate, as he began to find solace in the poetry of William Wordsworth. His capacity for emotion resurfaced, Mill remarking that the â€Å"cloud gradually drew off†. In 1851, Mill married Harriet Taylor after 21 years of an at times intense friendship and love affair. Taylor was a significant influence on Mill’s work and ideas during both friendship and marriage. His relationship with Harriet Taylor reinforced Mill’s advocacy of women’s rights. He died in Avignon, France in 1873, and is buried alongside his wife. John Stuart Mill and the Classical School of Thought Classical economics starts with Adam Smith, as a coherent economic theory, continues with the British economists Thomas Robert Malthus and David Ricardo, and culminates in the synthesis of John Stuart Mill, who as a young man was a follower of David Ricardo. Among the classical economists in the three-quarters of a century, although they have differences of opinion between Smith’s Wealth of Nations and Mill’s Principles of Political Economy (1848), the members of the group still agreed on major principles. All believed in private property, free markets, and, in Mill’s words, that â€Å"only through the principle of competition has political economy any pretension to the character of a science. † They shared Smith’s strong suspicion of government and his ardent confidence in the power of self-interest represented by his famous â€Å"invisible hand,† which reconciled public benefit with individual pursuit of private gain. From Ricardo, classicists derived the notion of diminishing returns, which held that as more labor and capital were applied to land, yields after â€Å"a certain and not very advanced stage in the progress of agriculture steadily diminished. † Through Smith’s emphasis on consumption, rather than on production, the scope of economics was considerably broadened. Smith was optimistic about the chances of improving general standards of life. He called attention to the importance of permitting individuals to follow their self-interest as a means of promoting national prosperity. History of Utilitarianism Utilitarianism is a fairly old philosophy, and major elements of it are even older. The best known, and most prolific, utilitarian philosophers were Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832), and John Stuart Mill (1806-1873). In their time, utilitarianism was a significant philosophical movement in Britain, and the utilitarians were some of the leading social reformers of the time. John Stuart Mill, especially, is quite well known today. Many people seem to think, unfortunately, that utilitarianism began with Bentham and ended with Mill. This is quite wrong in two ways. First, Bentham was not the first utilitarian, although he did coin the word â€Å"utilitarianism†. Various pre-Benthamite philosophers were advocating utilitarian positions several decades before Bentham was born. Also, utilitarianism has a lot in common with ancient non-utilitarian philosophers, such as Mo Tzu and Jesus. Both of these people advocated a doctrine of universal love. These doctrines were not precisely stated enough to compare directly with utilitarianism, but they were definitely universalist and egalitarian, and had strong currents of consequentialism, welfarism, and (at least in the case of Mo Tzu) maximization. The second problem with the popular misconception is that there has been a great deal of development in utilitarianism since Mill. Some people are aware, for example, of the later developments of Preference Utilitarianism and Rule Utilitarianism. Mill is still usually regarded as the main resource on Utilitarianism, though. Part of the problem is that he wrote about it comprehensively, and there have been few good comprehensive books about utilitarianism since then. Modern utilitarianism is in many ways far more sophisticated than that of Mill. Most importantly, it has become connected with many developments in areas such as economics, political science, and decision theory. Utilitarianism has always enjoyed an essentially unique position as the only philosophy which applied to all areas of human endeavor in a reasonably straightforward endeavor, and committed to specific positions on how conflict between various interests should be resolved. In Mill’s time, utilitarianism was strongly linked to economics, although the two disciplines subsequently diverged. Today, Preference Utilitarianism as a theory underlies many ideas in the sciences, and has been formalized to a degree that Mill never dreamed of. The idea of utility maximization even has applications entirely outside of philosophy, such as its use in artificial intelligence to represent how a computer could make trade-offs between different goals. Utilitarianism today exists both as a powerful kind of formal reasoning, and as the philosophy which says that such reasoning should define the moral ideal in human affairs. Utilitarianism can even be formally derived from a set of four reasonable seeming axioms, something that no other major philosophy can claim. The modern state of utilitarianism in relation to other philosophies is actually quite unusual. Most philosophies exist in theoretical isolation, based on ideas which have little in common with ideas in other disciplines. Other disciplines, in turn, don’t have much formal contact with them. Most major philosophies have a significant presence in politics and social issues, with people explicitly referring to issues such as rights and equality when debating how society should be organized. Utilitarianism, on the other hand, exists mostly in the background of popular discourse. People who claim to follow other philosophies often make utilitarian arguments when it suits them, and utilitarian arguments are often used by people who wouldn’t claim to follow any specific philosophy at all. Many philosophers make sure to explicitly place their ideas in opposition to utilitarianism, as if it were always lurking in the background ready to pounce on the unsuspecting theory. In part, this may be because utilitarianism is a sort of philosophical hydra, growing a new position for each one that is dismissed. While specific utilitarian ideas are vulnerable to attack, the underlying sentiments have proven amazingly resilient and have evolved to remain entirely current. Throughout the twentieth century, many philosophers confidently predicted that utilitarianism had been devastated, and would soon fall out of favor – only to be disproved when it remained as popular as ever. Utilitarian perspectives have also been quietly adopted in domains ranging from economics, political science, and decision theory to cognitive science and artificial intelligence. This has given modern utilitarianism a powerful formulation like no other, and a strong applied tradition. The old questions of how to measure utility, and how to maximize it most effectively in practice, have been extensively researched outside of philosophy. The result of this is that while other philosophies often talk in general terms of how they should be applied, and have problems in resolving conflicts between various principles, utilitarianism is at the cutting edge of rigorously applicable principles. Which is still, it should be mentioned, far from perfect. John Stuart Mill on Utilitarianism Utilitarianism is the most influential moral philosophy in the last two centuries. Jeremy Bentham is the acknowledged founder of utilitarianism. He admitted however that he took over the principle of utility from David Hume. By stating categorically that there is an ultimate good – a summum bonum, John Stuart Mill, the most famous utilitarian, laid the foundation of his moral philosophy. According to Mill, all moral actions should be aimed at attaining this good. Mill insists that this good is happiness. According to the Greatest Happiness Principle, †¦ the ultimate end, with reference to and for the sake of which all other things are desirable – whether we are considering our own good or that of other people – is an existence exempt as far as possible from pain, and as rich as possible in enjoyments, both in point of quantity and quality†¦ ( Boyce, p. 36) Mill states his teological position by insisting that the rightness of an action is determined by the actual consequences. It cannot be done by simply examining the nature of the act alone. The real value of our actions depends on whether it promotes the good or not. The creed which accepts as the foundation of morals Utility or Greatest Happiness Principle holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness. Wrong, as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness. By happiness is intended pleasure, and the absence of pain, by unhappiness, pain and the privation of pleasure. (Boyce, p. 36) Mill differs radically from Bentham on two important points. He is vehemently against the purely quantitative treatment of the principle of utility. According to Mill, we have to admit that some pleasures are intrinsically superior to others. He disdainfully said: It is better to be a human being dissatisfied, than a pig satisfied; better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied. And if the fool, or the pig, is of a different opinion, it is because they only know their own side of the question. The other party to the comparison knows both sides. (Solomon, p. 310 ) To confirm his point, Mill cites Epicurus (341-270 B. C. ) who also espoused the view that while the good life is the life of pleasure, he does not mean only bodily and sensual pleasure alone. These are higher forms like intellectual and spiritual pleasure. According to both philosophers some pleasures are intrinsically superior to others. When there are some issues that arise about the criterion for judging the quality of pleasure. Mill argues that: If I am asked what I mean by difference of quality of pleasures, or what makes one pleasure more valuable than another, merely as a pleasure, except its being greater in amount, there is but one possible answer. Of two pleasures if there is be one to which all or almost all who have experience of both give a decided preference, irrespective of a feeling of moral obligation to prefer it, that is the more desirable pleasure. If one of the two is, by those who are competently acquainted with both, placed so far above the other that they prefer it, even though knowing it to be attended with a greater amount of discontent, and would not resign it for any quantity of the other pleasure which their name is capable of, we are justified in ascribing to the preferred enjoyment a superiority in quality so far outweighing quantity as to render it, in comparison of small account. (Solomon, pp. 297-298). The example given by Mill is Socrates who is acquainted with both bodily pleasure and intellectual pleasure. If you ask which pleasure is more desirable, obviously, according to Mill, Socrates will choose intellectual pleasure. So the criterion for judging which pleasure is better than another must be made by a judge who has experienced both kinds of pleasures. Indeed, Mill is calling for an inter-subjective consensus of people who experienced both types of pleasure. The introduction of quality of pleasure added undue complication to Bentham’s quantitative calculus. The higher pleasure consists of the more intellectual, artistic and even spiritual, like reading poetry, speculating about the nature or the cosmos, enjoying of music and the visual arts etc. as opposed to the more sensual and physical, like eating good food, indulging in sex and other physical stimulation. It must be mentioned though, that Mill is not excluding the lower pleasure from consideration. But obviously, he personally prefers the higher pleasures. Remember that it is the pig that provides the model for lower pleasure; in contrast, it is Socrates who exemplifies the quest for higher pleasures. Mill’s proof on the soundness of the principle of utility: The only proof capable of being given that an object is visible is that people actually see it. The only proof that a sound is audible is that people actually hear it; and so the other sources of our experience. In like manner, I apprehend, the sole evidence is it possible to produce that anything is desirable that people do actually desire it†¦ no reason can be given why the general happiness is desirable, except that each person, so far as he believes it to be attainable, desire his own happiness. (Solomon, p. 319 ). This proof has been the subject of debate among utlilitarian scholars. According to Solomon, the most generous interpretation of Mill’s proof are the following: one’s own happiness or pleasure is the only thing desired by each person; the general happiness or the happiness of all is the only thing desired for itself by all; the only test of something being desirable is its being desired; the general happiness is the only thing desired in itself; and lastly, the only test of the rightness or wrongness of actions is their tendency to promote the general happiness (the greatest happiness for the greatest number). Summary and Conclusion John Stuart Mill, being a philosopher and an economist had a great impact in the 19th century british thought not only in the field of philosophy and economics but also in other areas of political science, logic, and ethics. His exceptional childhood because of his father’s rigorous training had injurious effects on his mental health, and state of mind. Nevertheless, his father was able to create a genius in him that would carry on the cause of utilitarianism and its implementation after the death of his father and Bentham. One of the important works of John Stuart Mill was Utilitarianism, which argues for the philosophy of Utilitarianism. This philosophy was primarily formed by Jeremy Bentham, but Mill’s father James Mill was also a proponent. Utilitarianism holds that actions are good in proportion to the amount of happiness produced and number of people happiness is produced in. Mill’s main innovation to Utilitarianism is the idea of a hierarchy of pleasures. Bentham had treated all forms of happiness as equal, whereas Mill argued that intellectual and moral pleasures and developments were superior to more physical forms of pleasure. His views are of continuing significance, and are recognized to be among the deepest and certainly the most effective defenses of empiricism and of a liberal political view of society and culture. The overall aim of his philosophy is to develop a positive view of the universe and the place of humans in it, one which contributes to the progress of human knowledge, individual freedom and human well-being. His views are not entirely original, having their roots in the British empiricism of John Locke, George Berkeley and David Hume, and in the utilitarianism of Jeremy Bentham. But he gave them a new depth, and his formulations were sufficiently articulate to gain for them a continuing influence among a broad public. References: ACUNA, A. E. 2001. Philosophical Analysis. 5th Edition. U. P. Department of Philosophy. Diliman, Quezon City. Autobiography by John Stuart Mill. http://www. utilitarianism. com/jsmill. htm. BOYCE, W. D. 1978. Moral Reasoning. University of Nebraska Press. London. MONTGOMERIE, I. 2000. A Utilitarian FAQ. http://www. ianmontgomerie. com /manifesto/utilitarian. SOLOMON, R. C. Morality and the Good Life. 1984. McGraw-Hill Book Company. New York. Webster’s Family Encyclopedia. 1999. Vol. 6. Archer Worldwide Inc. Great Neck, New York, U. S. A.

Kilkenny Lumber Case Study Essay

Part I 1. Productivity of the crew would be below standard. I believe for the productivity to be below standard because they were sent to this crew because of their lack of work. Just because they have been assigned to another crew, does not mean that they will begin to work well right away. When compared to the Equity Theory, I believe there to be positive inequity for the three men assigned to the new group. For being assigned to the group due to lack of work, it is unfair to have a higher pay grade than those who have been in the company for a longer period of time and who are doing their job correctly. This may cause issues with subprofessionals being motivated to work to their full potentials because they may see it as being unfair and at the same time the professionals may think they do not need to work as hard. 2. Crewmen would be moderately satisfied with their job. I believe that the crewmen would be more satisfied with their previous job, but may not fit in very well with the existing group. Some of the crewmen have been working there for quite a while longer and getting either the same pay or less. In addition, the existing crewmen may grow frustrated in having to pick up for the slack of the new crew members depending on the new crew members motivation. I do believe the incentives given for good work are good, but I believe the pay grade should be based on how long you have been with the company and your level of output and not centralized on education which is how it appears. 3. Group members would get along with some but not others. I believe the existing crew members would continue to get along with one another but the new professionals will feel like outsiders. The existing subprofessionals will continue to get along fine with one another, but it may be hard for them to accept the new professionals. 4. Crewmen will, in terms of the given job description do what they are supposed to do, no more or less. If there is no motivation for the job, then according to the motivational theory this will directly affect their level of performance. The crewmen who were assigned to this group are probably not happy with their reassignment, so at least in the beginning things may be slow. 5. Some subgroups will have accepted the informal standards about crew behavior while others will not. The crewmen who have been with the company for a longer period of time may have grown accustomed to the current standards. The new crewmen on the other hand may disagree with the standards and try to implement new ones. Since Kilkenny management considered the leader and assistant leader to be excellent foresters and teachers, I believe they will implement new strategies which will better benefit the crew as a whole. Part II My predictions in part I were fairly accurate to the information provided in part II. The existing crewmen talked amongst one another at lunch time and the new crewmen isolated themselves from the group. Additional information that would have helped with predictive accuracy could have included information about the three new professionals past performance in other groups specifically. A description could have included information about the amount of work done compared to fellow co-workers. Also, if the professionals have been reassigned in the past could have been added. Part III 1. The first strategy will be successful. I believe this strategy to be an excellent idea because this would divide the professionals up with existing workers. Not only would this allow them to get to know other subprofessionals better, but it would allow the professionals to better understand how to work with the group as a whole. 2. The second strategy will be unsuccessful. If the first part were to fail, I do not find how the second alternative will be successful. I think that a team building exercise or exactly what the first strategy suggested should help. The first strategy forces the professionals to work with the subprofessionals so they may grow a better relationship with one another. I do not believe the second strategy to work because it seems like a last resort to just split them up and hope for the best. 3. Some other strategy will not be necessary. As explained earlier, I predict the first alternative to work because it forces them to work together. Since existing crewmen have shown to be successful, it will allow the professionals to collaborate with the subprofessionals. The only alternative I would suggest is some sort of team building exercise either outside of work or on the job exercise that would make them have to work together as a team in order to complete a specific task. Part IV My predictions were incorrect with the information from part IV. I thought that making them work with one another would bring them together and start to work as a team. I believe that the information provided was not sufficient enough to give an accurate analysis resulting in an analytical failure. It appears that the professionals simply do not have the motivation that the subprofessionals have to do the job at a reasonable speed. In part I, it should have given more background information on the professionals and why specifically they had been reassigned.

Fromms Humanistic Psychoanalysis

Fromms Humanistic Psychoanalysis As described by Fromm, human beings suffer from basic anxiety as a result of human dilemmas. These are feelings such as loneliness, isolation, and homelessness that are brought about by human separation from their natural world. This triggers a mechanism aimed at reducing the uncomfortable feelings. Jeff and Ann live in Cleveland, which is far away from their home town and family.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Fromm’s Humanistic Psychoanalysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They strive hard to reunite with their family by visiting them during Christmas and New Year holiday seasons. This sense of unity is attributed to the human need for rootedness and relatedness. Rootedness refers to the urge that motivates individuals to rediscover themselves and enjoy living in the world once more after separation for a long time. For relatedness, people aspire to unite with others either through marriage or forming clo se relationships. This is based on three dimensions: submission, power, and love. By submitting to one another, a group, or an institution, one gets united with the natural world. Relative to attaining power, people become more dependent on one another and less independent. Lastly, love creates a unification between individuals but still observes the veracity of separation among individuals (McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2002). In regard to transcendence needs, Fromm described it as the urge for people to overcome passive and the accidental existence by creating or destroying life. This is triggered by human beings who are cast into the natural world without their approval. Therefore, they transcend nature either by creating or destroying it for various reasons. As far as the sense of identity is concerned, self consciousness is seen as a different object altogether. People are identified by the roles they play in the society. The sense of identity in most people is tied to their at tachment to others or institutions like religion, occupation, social groups, and others. Jeff and Ann identify themselves with their occupations. Their sense of identity is based on their unique talents, which that benefit their institution and makes them feel confident with their careers. In regard to the frame of orientation, Jeff and Ann view the natural world as a place that requires more development. This is attributed to the fact that they encourage their children to leave the world a better place than they found it. On the basis of character orientation, Fromm would classify Jeff and Ann as belonging to the â€Å"productive orientation†. In this case, they are committed to enhancing their growth and development, as well as those of others. This is guided by their hard work, love, and good reasoning. Fromm’s humanistic psychological theory is significantly related to other psychological theories. First, it is closely related to behavioral psychological theory. Th is theory states that behavior is acquired by conditioning. In addition, conditioning is controlled by the immediate surroundings. People are conditioned to embrace the behaviors of their natural world where they live or were brought up. Jeff and Ann experienced difficulties in adjusting to a new environment far away from their home and family.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Loneliness, isolation, and homelessness amongst other behaviors developed as a result of being separated from their natural world. In regards to Andrea’s case, she finds hardships to bond with her family, and this was developed since she was small. This is further worsened by staying far away from home. Fromm’s theory is related to cognitive psychology theory. People are predominantly occupied by their previous experiences in their natural world. In experiencing new environments and infor mation, people should modify, add, or change their previous experience. This is controlled by their mental and character orientation that helps them assimilate and accommodate the new environment. For instance, a childs previous exposure to small dogs would tend to shape the child’s mentality that dogs are small. In case the child encounters a big dog, he would absorb this new information and modify the previous information to include this new one. This transition would involve assimilation and accommodation. Assimilation is absorbing new experiences into the previously existing one whereas accommodation is altering or changing the previous existing into the light of the new environment. Jeff and Ann have to assimilate and accommodate living in a new environment that is far from the previous environment. From Andrea’s perspective, she dreads visiting her remaining family due to the previous experience that she claims continues to persist. Furthermore, Maslow’s a nd Roger’s humanistic psychology theories relate to that of Fromm. These theories are comprised of human needs that control human existence. According to Fromm’s theory, human needs include rootedness, relatedness, transcendence, and identity. Theses relate with those of Maslow’s theory especially the social needs. They concentrate more on relationships, sense of belonging, love, and affection in the social institutions mostly families. Jeff and Ann miss being with their family and they utilize this opportunity once it arises during the holiday seasons. Lastly, Fromm’s theory also relates to the personality psychology theory. This theory targets the behavioral patterns and mental states or judgments, which makes one to stand out from the rest. According to Fromm’s theory, people should portray their uniqueness to define their sense of identity or personality. Jeff and Ann develop their identity from their unique talents in their occupations (Ashcra ft, 2012).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Fromm’s Humanistic Psychoanalysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Ashcraft, D. M. (2012). Personality theories workbook. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. (2002). Psychodynamic Theories Fromm: Humanistic Psychoanalysis. Retrieved from: http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072316799/student_view0/part2/chapter7/chapter_outline.html

A Review of Satirism in Screen Guild Awards, a Video at Saturday Night Live

A Review of Satirism in Screen Guild Awards, a Video at Saturday Night Live There is a video that Saturday Night Live made called the â€Å"Screen Guild Awards† and in this video they had created a satire theme. The main purpose of this video was the irony of how there were five nominees for the best actor award and ironically enough all of them were white, but theres another catch to it. In all the films that these men acted in, they were all about African Americans but ironically, the white guys were the ones to get nominated for the award. Also, again, the result for who won the award was that all the white men were all tied for first. When the men were being shown for the award nomination, Saturday Night Live happen to sneak in the nominated man trying to get a high five from the African American actor also in the film. When he went for the high five the man refused to give him a high five which is an example of satire that SNL uses. The point of SNL doing this was because at the Oscar awards, it was the second year in a row that a African America n didnt get nominated for a major character. SNL used this to their advantage and took advantage of the opportunity to use satire to get the purpose across. The satire helped the purpose of this skit because it was an aim toward the Oscars which made the skit more laughable. In the beginning of the skit it starts of with a lady that says â€Å"we wish we could have nominated more†, then moves on to introducing all of the actors. The first character that was introduced was a male African American actor that was a main character in a boxing movie. Then, the actor has a white male beside him tell him that he can do whatever he believes in. The satire involved in this was how the background character white male got the nominee and not the main actor. Next comes a main actor that again, is African American and is trying to motivate some people, then the person that got nominated was the really small part of the white character that had only two lines. After, another satire is when the main actor is trying to motivate himself and says â€Å"I will work all night night to beat out these white folks† then the person that got nominated was the white librarian that tells him there’s only five minutes to closing and forces him out. Lastly, there is a male African American that was in the forest trying to motivate all of his friends when a white cameraman comes into the background and says absolutely nothing and still get nominated for the best actor award. Saturday Night Live used many satires in a skit that was particularly short in only three minutes long. Concluding, SNL used satires of white males getting major awards in the Oscars, main characters motivating others, and how all the nominees all were tied for first.

Policy in the Human Services Assignment #2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Policy in the Human Services #2 - Assignment Example The different stages right from deciding on the agenda or issue for which the policy is needed to be framed to the implementation of the final policy is effectively reflected in the following diagram. The policy making stages reflect after identification of the issue for designing of the policy, reflects on evaluating the problems and the different options for setting up of the policy. After the selection of the right or favorable option the policy making process focuses on generation of legislative and regulatory procedures for designing of the policy before implementing the same to bring about necessary changes. The process of designing or generating a policy is also observed as an effective cycle of different types of activities that are conducted in a specific order. The different types of activities that are conducted in a chronological fashion are identified as recognition of the problems or issues based on which the agenda can be constituted, analysis of the policy to be made, evaluation of the tools for designing of the policy, making effective consultation and collaboration with interested stakeholders, coordinating with other principal areas, formulation of decisions re lated to the policy, implementation of the decision made and finally evaluating the potentiality of the implementation phase in meeting the policy objectives. The above discussion is diagrammatically as follows. Work Life Inc. is a company that works as a consultancy in the generation of effective strategic and marketing solutions for different companies operating in the services sector. Mainly based in United States, the company is currently observed to focus on becoming a multinational company through setting up of branches in different parts of the world both in developed and developing nations. In its bid to internationalize, the company aims in generating a policy framework on incorporating a diversified workforce that